O governo pró-Moscou renuncia em 1992, e facções guerrilheiras rivais iniciam nova fase da guerra. Uma Loya Jirga – tradicional conselho de notáveis formado por líderes tribais, autoridades religiosas e anciãos – instala um governo islâmico moderado, liderado por Burhanuddin Rabbani. Mas o poder de fato fica com chefes militares regionais corruptos e bandos armados.
Burhanuddin Rabbani (Persian: برهان الدين رباني - Burhânuddîn Rabbânî) (born 1940), an ethnic Afghan, is a former President of Afghanistan. Burhanuddin Rabbani is the leader of Jamiat-e Islami Afghanistan (Islamic Society of Afghanistan). He also served as the political head of the United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan (UIFSA), an alliance of various political groups who fought against Taliban rule in Afghanistan. He served as President from 1992-1996 until he was forced to leave Kabul because of the Taliban takeover of the city. His government was recognized by many countries, as well as the United Nations. He is currently the head of Afghanistan National Front, known in the media as United National Front the largest political opposition to Karzai's government.